In a literature review (sometimes called an environmental scan), researchers examine books, periodicals, journals, Web sites, and other sources of information to gather prior research on a topic of interest. The research results are then indexed, organized, and summarized in a written report. A literature review can be more or less extensive, depending on the time frame and requirements of any particular project.
The purpose of a literature review is to detail existing findings and knowledge in a particular field. The findings can then be used as a basis from which to develop new communication products and materials, or to provide evaluation criteria for existing products or materials.
A literature review is an excellent way to begin the process of product development. For example, a nonprofit organization developing an ad campaign to encourage people to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions might start with a literature review. The literature review could provide insight as to how much knowledge the target audience has on the topic, whether the desired behavior change is likely to be seen as achievable, and what misconceptions people might hold on the topic. The information can then be used to shape the campaign, and the organization can conduct additional research (e.g. focus groups) as a way to fill in any remaining knowledge gaps or to evaluate products as they are being developed.
Uncommon Insights conducts literature reviews of all sizes, both as stand-alone projects and in conjunction with our other research services. Please contact us for more information on our literature review services.
Click here to see a sample of a literature review we did for the Office on Women’s Health.
